Publication: Haksız fiillere ilişkin davalarda Türk mahkemelerinin yetkisini belirleyen HMK m. 16 kuralının karşılaştırmalı hukuk açısından değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Haksız fiilden kaynaklanan davalarda Türk mahkemelerinin milletlerarası yetkisi HMK m. 16’ya göre belirlenmektedir. Buna göre haksız fiillerden doğan davalarda haksız fiilin işlendiği yer veya zararın meydana geldiği yahut gelme ihtimalinin bulunduğu yer yada zarar görenin yerleşim yeri mahkemesi de yetkilidir. Madde genel yetkili mahkeme olan davalının yerleşim yeri yanında özel yetki kuralı getirmiştir. HMK m. 16 haksız fiilin işlendiği yerin ne anlama geldiğini açıklamış ve ayrıca haksız fiilin işlendiği yerden bağımsız olarak davacının yerleşim yeri mahkemesini yetkili kabul etmiştir. Milletlerarası alanda davacının yerleşim yeri mahkemesi aşkın yetki olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu itibarla Türk mahkemesinden verilen karar davacının yerleşim yeri kıstasına binaen verilmişse yabancı mahkemelerde tenfiz edilmeme tehlikesi olacaktır. Ancak davalının Türkiye’de malvarlığı olması halinde zarar gören korunmuş ve haksız fiilin işlendiği yabancı ülkeye gitmesine gerek kalmadan, Türkiye’de yerleşim yerinde dava açma imkânı getirilmiştir.
The international jurisdiction of Turkish courts relating to the disputes arising out of tort/delict will subject to Art 16 of HMK (Act of Civil Procedure). In accordance with Art 16 of HMK the disputes arising out of tort will also be sued in the courts for the place where the act giving rise to the damage committed or the damage occurred or may occur or the damaged party is domiciled. Art 16 gives a special jurisdiction rule without derogating the general rule of the court of the defendant's domicile. Art 16 explains the meaning of the place where the tort occurred and adopts the court for the place where the damaged party is domiciled irrespective of the place where the tort occurred. In international jurisdiction relating to the tort matters, it is considered to be ex orbitant jurisdiction if the jurisdiction of the court is based on the plaintiff's domicile. In this respect there is a risk of non-enforcement of Turkish judgments in foreign courts if the judgment is given by the court for the place where the plaintiff is domiciled in Turkey. However, if there is the property of the defendant in Turkey, the damaged party is protected and is able to sue the defendant in Turkey where he is domiciled without necessity of going out the country where the tort is committed.
The international jurisdiction of Turkish courts relating to the disputes arising out of tort/delict will subject to Art 16 of HMK (Act of Civil Procedure). In accordance with Art 16 of HMK the disputes arising out of tort will also be sued in the courts for the place where the act giving rise to the damage committed or the damage occurred or may occur or the damaged party is domiciled. Art 16 gives a special jurisdiction rule without derogating the general rule of the court of the defendant's domicile. Art 16 explains the meaning of the place where the tort occurred and adopts the court for the place where the damaged party is domiciled irrespective of the place where the tort occurred. In international jurisdiction relating to the tort matters, it is considered to be ex orbitant jurisdiction if the jurisdiction of the court is based on the plaintiff's domicile. In this respect there is a risk of non-enforcement of Turkish judgments in foreign courts if the judgment is given by the court for the place where the plaintiff is domiciled in Turkey. However, if there is the property of the defendant in Turkey, the damaged party is protected and is able to sue the defendant in Turkey where he is domiciled without necessity of going out the country where the tort is committed.