Publication: Imaging Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Modifications in Living Systems
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Date
2016-06
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MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC
Abstract
Significance: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) may regulate signaling, ion channels, transcription factors, and biosynthetic processes. ROS-related diseases can be due to either a shortage or an excess of ROS. Recent Advances: Since the biological activity of ROS depends on not only concentration but also spatiotemporal distribution, real-time imaging of ROS, possibly in vivo, has become a need for scientists, with potential for clinical translation. New imaging techniques as well as new contrast agents in clinically established modalities were developed in the previous decade. Critical Issues: An ideal imaging technique should determine ROS changes with high spatio-temporal resolution, detect physiologically relevant variations in ROS concentration, and provide specificity toward different redox couples. Furthermore, for in vivo applications, bioavailability of sensors, tissue penetration, and a high signal-to-noise ratio are additional requirements to be satisfied. Future Directions: None of the presented techniques fulfill all requirements for clinical translation. The obvious way forward is to incorporate anatomical and functional imaging into a common hybrid-imaging platform.
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Keywords
IN-VIVO EPR, 2-PHOTON FLUORESCENT-PROBE, FREE-RADICAL REACTIONS, REDOX STATUS, OXIDATIVE STRESS, NITRIC-OXIDE, HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE, LIVE CELLS, MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY, NONINVASIVE ASSESSMENT