Publication: “Kızılırmak” ve “Karakoyun” efsaneleri bağlamında kültürün yeniden üretiminde halk anlatılarının işlevselliği
Loading...
Files
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Halk anlatıları, bazen metinlerarasılık yöntemiyle bazense yeniden üretme/yaratma biçiminde modern
türler için kaynak olarak kullanılmaktadır. Folklorik ya da geleneksel unsurlardan hareketle yeniden üretim
gerçekleşirken bazı motif ya da epizotlar değişim ve dönüşüme uğrar. Folklorik anlatıların/unsurların modern
edebî türlerde yeniden üretilmesinin farklı nedenleri vardır. Örneğin, folklorik anlatılar araçsallaştırılarak toplumda milli bilinç uyandırılmaya, milli kimlik inşa edilmeye çalışılabilmektedir; modern toplumda kaybolmaya
yüz tutan folklorik unsur/değerlerin modern bireylere tanıtımı amaçlanabilmektedir. Folklorun yeniden üretilmesine “Kızılırmak” ve “Karakoyun” efsane/halk anlatılarından hareketle oluşturulan eserler de örnek oluşturur. Her iki halk anlatısı birleştirilerek üç film çekilmiştir. Nâzım Hikmet’in bu halk anlatılarından hareketle
yazdığı senaryo, 1947 yılında Muhsin Ertuğrul tarafından filme çekilir. Yine bu halk anlatısından hareketle
Yılmaz Güney bir senaryo metni yazar, bu metin 1967 yılında Ömer Lütfi Akad tarafından filme çekilir. 1992
yılında üçüncü kez çekilen filmin senaryosunu yazan Tuncer Cücenoğlu, daha önceki çalışmalardan da yararlanır, bu senaryo Şahin Gök tarafından filme çekilir. Cücenoğlu, bu halk anlatılarını Kızılırmak adıyla müzikli
oyuna dönüştürür. Halk anlatılarından, folklorik unsurlardan hareketle kültürün yeniden üretimi örneği olan bu
eserlerde, folklor kaynak olarak kullanılıp kaybolmaya yüz tutan değerler modern bir form ve söylemle yeniden
inşa edilmiş, aynı zamanda bu halk anlatılarının ait olduğu milletin kolektif bilinçaltı aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Folklorik unsurların yeniden üretimi sürecinde kaynak metinlerde birçok değişim/dönüşümler olsa da ana
epizotlar çoğunlukla korunmuştur. Halk anlatılarının doğrudan kaynak olarak kullanıldığı senaryo metinleri ve
özellikle piyes içindeki manzum metinlerde de türkü, mâni vb. anonim halk edebiyatı ürünlerindeki biçim, söylem ve tema taklit edilmiştir. “Kızılırmak”, “Karakoyun” anlatılarıyla ilgili kaynak bilgilere bakıldığında Kızılırmak ve Karakoyun etrafında şekillenen anlatıların ikisinin arasında doğrudan bir ilişki olmamakla birlikte, bu
anlatılardan hareketle yeniden üretim sürecinde oluşturulan modern metinlerde her iki efsane birleştirilmiştir.
Özellikle de sinema filmlerinde her iki efsane metnin dokusuna ustaca yerleştirilerek bir terkip oluşturulmuştur.
Kızılırmak, Karakoyun etrafında oluşan halk anlatılarının modern edebiyat ya da sanattaki yansımaları hakkında
daha önce herhangi bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu makalede folklorik unsurların, halk anlatılarının modern metinler için nasıl kaynak oluşturduğu incelenmektedir. Çalışmada ilk olarak, modern metinlere kaynak oluşturan
halk anlatıları ve bu anlatılardaki ortak epizotlar tespit edilmekte, daha sonra bu anlatılardan hareketle çekilen
filmler ve piyesin kurgulanmasında konu, biçim ve söylem olarak halk anlatılarından nasıl yararlanıldığı değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışma yapılırken folklorun modern edebî türlere etkisi, özellikle modern Türk tiyatrosunda folklorun ya da halk anlatılarının izleriyle ilgili çalışmaların oldukça az sayıda olduğu fark edilmiştir. Bu
çalışmayla bu alandaki araştırmalara küçük bir katkıda bulunulması hedeflenmiştir.
Folk narratives are used as a source for modern genres sometimes in the form of intertextuality and sometimes in the form of reproduction/creation. Some motifs or episodes undergo change and transformation while reproduction is based on folkloric or traditional elements. There are different reasons for the reproduction of folk narratives in modern literary genres. For example, folk narratives can be instrumentalized to arouse national consciousness and build national identity; it is aimed to introduce folkloric elements/values, which are about to disappear in modern society, to modern individuals. The reproduction of folklore is also exemplified by the works created from the myths/folk narratives of “Kızılırmak” and “Karakoyun”. Three films were made through the combination of both folk narratives. Nazım Hikmet’s script which is based on these folk narratives was filmed by Muhsin Ertuğrul in 1947. Again, based on this folk narrative, Yılmaz Güney wrote a script, which was filmed in 1967 by Ömer Lütfi Akad. Tuncer Cücenoğlu, who wrote the script of the film which was filmed for the third time in 1992, also benefited from the previous works, which was filmed by Şahin Gök. Cücenoğlu transforms these folk narratives into a musical play called Kızılırmak. In these works, which are an example of the reproduction of culture based on folk narratives and folkloric elements, the values, which were about to disappear and which were used as a source of folklore, were rebuilt with a modern form and discourse, and at the same time, the collective subconscious of the nation to which these folk narratives belonged were attempted to be enlightened. Although there were many changes/transformations in the source texts during the reproduction of the folkloric elements, the main episodes were mostly preserved. The form, discourse and theme of anonymous folk literature such as folk songs and mani (Turkish poem or song) were imitated in the script texts and especially in verse texts in which the folk narratives were used as direct sources. While there is no direct relationship between the two narratives formed around Kızılırmak and Karakoyun, both legends are combined in the modern texts created in the process of reproduction based on these narratives. Particularly in cinema films, both myths were skilfully placed in the texture of the text to form a composition. There has not been a study about the reflections of folk narratives formed around Kızılırmak and Karakoyun in modern literature and art. This article examines how folkloric elements and folk narratives constitute a source for modern texts. First of all, folk narratives and common episodes in modern narratives have been investigated; then, it has been evaluated that how the folk narratives have been used as subject, form and discourse in the production of films and plays based on these folk narratives. During this study, it was realized that the effect of folklore on modern literary genres, especially in modern Turkish theatre, has been very few on the traces of folklore or folk narratives. As a consequence of this study, it is aimed to make a contribution to the researches in this field.
Folk narratives are used as a source for modern genres sometimes in the form of intertextuality and sometimes in the form of reproduction/creation. Some motifs or episodes undergo change and transformation while reproduction is based on folkloric or traditional elements. There are different reasons for the reproduction of folk narratives in modern literary genres. For example, folk narratives can be instrumentalized to arouse national consciousness and build national identity; it is aimed to introduce folkloric elements/values, which are about to disappear in modern society, to modern individuals. The reproduction of folklore is also exemplified by the works created from the myths/folk narratives of “Kızılırmak” and “Karakoyun”. Three films were made through the combination of both folk narratives. Nazım Hikmet’s script which is based on these folk narratives was filmed by Muhsin Ertuğrul in 1947. Again, based on this folk narrative, Yılmaz Güney wrote a script, which was filmed in 1967 by Ömer Lütfi Akad. Tuncer Cücenoğlu, who wrote the script of the film which was filmed for the third time in 1992, also benefited from the previous works, which was filmed by Şahin Gök. Cücenoğlu transforms these folk narratives into a musical play called Kızılırmak. In these works, which are an example of the reproduction of culture based on folk narratives and folkloric elements, the values, which were about to disappear and which were used as a source of folklore, were rebuilt with a modern form and discourse, and at the same time, the collective subconscious of the nation to which these folk narratives belonged were attempted to be enlightened. Although there were many changes/transformations in the source texts during the reproduction of the folkloric elements, the main episodes were mostly preserved. The form, discourse and theme of anonymous folk literature such as folk songs and mani (Turkish poem or song) were imitated in the script texts and especially in verse texts in which the folk narratives were used as direct sources. While there is no direct relationship between the two narratives formed around Kızılırmak and Karakoyun, both legends are combined in the modern texts created in the process of reproduction based on these narratives. Particularly in cinema films, both myths were skilfully placed in the texture of the text to form a composition. There has not been a study about the reflections of folk narratives formed around Kızılırmak and Karakoyun in modern literature and art. This article examines how folkloric elements and folk narratives constitute a source for modern texts. First of all, folk narratives and common episodes in modern narratives have been investigated; then, it has been evaluated that how the folk narratives have been used as subject, form and discourse in the production of films and plays based on these folk narratives. During this study, it was realized that the effect of folklore on modern literary genres, especially in modern Turkish theatre, has been very few on the traces of folklore or folk narratives. As a consequence of this study, it is aimed to make a contribution to the researches in this field.
Description
Keywords
Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler, Dil ve Edebiyat, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Social Sciences and Humanities, Philology, Turkish Language and Literature, Sanat ve Beşeri Bilimler (AHCI), Sosyal Bilimler (SOC), Sanat ve Beşeri Bilimler, EDEBİYAT, Arts & Humanities (AHCI), Social Sciences (SOC), ARTS & HUMANITIES, LITERATURE, Literature and Literary Theory, Social Sciences & Humanities, Halk anlatısı, efsane, tiyatro, sinema, yeniden üretim, Folk narratives, legend, theatre, cinema, reproduction.
Citation
Güneş M., "“KIZILIRMAK” ve “KARAKOYUN” EFSANELERİ BAĞLAMINDA KÜLTÜRÜN YENİDEN ÜRETİMİNDE HALK ANLATILARININ İŞLEVSELLİĞİ", Milli Folklor, cilt.32, sa.125, ss.100-109, 2020
