Publication: RUS VE TÜRK DİL BİLİMİNDE ÇATI (DIATHESIS) KAVRAMI ÜZERİNE
Abstract
Rus dil biliminde XX. asrın ilk yarısında V. V. Vinogradov çatı kavramınıele alıp etraflıca incelemiş ve genelleştirmiştir. Gerçekte bu kavram Rusdil biliminde yeni değildir, eski dönemlerden beri bilinmektedir. Rusya’daçatı kavramından ilk kez Meletiy Smotritskiy (1577-1633) söz etmiş vegramerinde bunu işlemiştir.Çatı terimi, Yunanca diathesis kelimesi ile ilgilidir. Bu dilde söz konusukelime, “eylem (hareket)” ile “eden (fâil)” arasındaki bağıntıları bildirmek içinkullanılmıştır. Rusçada çatı kavramı da bu yönde şekillenmiş ve kabul görmüştür.Ancak geçen süre zarfında dil biliminde bu terimin içeriğine dair farklıgörüşler, farklı anlayışlar da ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada çatı, eylem ilenesneler/varlıklar arasında belirli tür bağıntıları morfolojik yolla ileten fiilşekilleri kabul edilmektedir. Çalışmada Rusçada sadece iki, yani etken vegenel (“dönüşlü”) çatının, Türkçede ise dönüşlü, işteş, edilgen ve ettirgenolmak üzere dört çatının bulunduğu ve bu çatıların, söz konusu dillerde çatıulamını oluşturduğu ileri sürülmektedir.
The concept of voice was thoroughly analyzed and generalized in the first half of the 20th century by Russian linguist V. V. Vinogradov. Actually, this concept is not new for Russian linguistics. The first who developed it in his grammar work was Meletij Smotritskij (1577-1633). The term voice is related to the Greek word diathesis. In Greek the word was used to denote the relationship between “action” and “agent”. In Russian the concept also has been developed and accepted in that direction. However, different approaches to the content of the term have developed with time. In this article, the term voice is accepted as verbal morphological forms which signify specific relations between actions and objects. It is proposed that there are only two voices (active and general (“reflexive”) voices) in Russian and four voices (reflexive, reciprocal, passive and causative voices) in Turkish and that these voices make up the category of voice in the languages.
The concept of voice was thoroughly analyzed and generalized in the first half of the 20th century by Russian linguist V. V. Vinogradov. Actually, this concept is not new for Russian linguistics. The first who developed it in his grammar work was Meletij Smotritskij (1577-1633). The term voice is related to the Greek word diathesis. In Greek the word was used to denote the relationship between “action” and “agent”. In Russian the concept also has been developed and accepted in that direction. However, different approaches to the content of the term have developed with time. In this article, the term voice is accepted as verbal morphological forms which signify specific relations between actions and objects. It is proposed that there are only two voices (active and general (“reflexive”) voices) in Russian and four voices (reflexive, reciprocal, passive and causative voices) in Turkish and that these voices make up the category of voice in the languages.