Publication: Karadeniz’in Uluslararası Politik Ekonomisi: Rusya ve Ukrayna İlişkilerinin Yeniden Analizi
Abstract
Tarihi olarak geleneksel zamanlardan modern uluslararası ilişkilere geçiş, 1648 Westphalia Barışı ile başlamaktadır. Ancak bununla birlikte asıl kırılmalar, I. ve II. Dünya Savaşı'yla yaşanmıştır. Bu dönemden sonra devletlerin gücü yalnızca siyasi ve askeri güç kapasitesiyle ölçülmekten çıkmış; enerji, çevre, nüfus ve göç, az gelişmişlik, insan hakları gibi birçok sosyal alanda etkinlik mücadelesi söz konusu olmuştur. Bu noktada Nicos Poulantzas tarafından geliştirilen "göreli özerklik" (relative autonomy) nasıl ki devletin ekonomik düzeyi ile siyasi düzeyinin zamanla birbirinden ayrıldığını ve her kurumun kendi kararlarını kendisi verdiğini ifade ediyorsa, aynı kavram modern uluslararası ilişkilerin doğası için de geçerli bir hal almıştır. Daha açık bir ifade ile uluslararası ilişkilerde devletler hem ekonomik ve siyasi düzeyi ayırmakta, hem de bölgesel konumlarına göre özerk politikalar geliştirmektedirler. Bu noktada Karadeniz Bölgesi de dünya üzerinde göreli özerk bir konuma sahiptir ve bu bölgenin iç ilişkilerindeki en önemli ilişki Rusya-Ukrayna ikilisine aittir. Uluslararası Politik Ekonomi bilim dalı ise yukarıda değinilen "göreli özerklik" kavramına bir karşı çıkış olarak, ekonomi ve siyaseti birbirinden ayrılamayan iki disiplin olarak incelemektedir. Buradan hareketle bu makalenin amacı; Rusya ve Ukrayna'nın hem tarihsel arka planı üzerinden ilişkilerini incelemek hem de modern uluslararası ilişkiler açısından özellikle enerji bağlamında bölgenin Uluslararası Politik Ekonomi'sini ana hatlarıyla anlatmaktır
Historically, transition from traditional time to the modern international relations begins with Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Nevertheless, the principal breaks occured with the World War I and World War II. After these periods, power of states began to be not measured with only their political and military capacities; lots of social struggle like energy, environment, population, underdevelopment and human right began to be discussed. At this point, the concept of ‘relative autonomy’ developed by Nicos Poulantzas, which highlights the seperation between state’s economic level and political level over time and institutions which makes its own decision, became also applicable for the nature of modern international relations. More clearly, states not only seperate economic and political level in international relations but also develop autonomous politics by regional positions. At this point, Black Sea Region has relatively autonomous position on the world and couple of Russia-Ukraine almost has the most important relation at the internal relations of this region. The International Political Economy analyzes the economy and politics as two disciplines that can not be separated from each other, as a contradiction to the concept of “relative autonomy” that mentioned above. From this point, the aim of this article is to evaluate historical relations of Russia and Ukraine and to describe the International Political Economy of this region especially in terms of energy in the context of modern international relations
Historically, transition from traditional time to the modern international relations begins with Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Nevertheless, the principal breaks occured with the World War I and World War II. After these periods, power of states began to be not measured with only their political and military capacities; lots of social struggle like energy, environment, population, underdevelopment and human right began to be discussed. At this point, the concept of ‘relative autonomy’ developed by Nicos Poulantzas, which highlights the seperation between state’s economic level and political level over time and institutions which makes its own decision, became also applicable for the nature of modern international relations. More clearly, states not only seperate economic and political level in international relations but also develop autonomous politics by regional positions. At this point, Black Sea Region has relatively autonomous position on the world and couple of Russia-Ukraine almost has the most important relation at the internal relations of this region. The International Political Economy analyzes the economy and politics as two disciplines that can not be separated from each other, as a contradiction to the concept of “relative autonomy” that mentioned above. From this point, the aim of this article is to evaluate historical relations of Russia and Ukraine and to describe the International Political Economy of this region especially in terms of energy in the context of modern international relations