Publication: KÖTÜLEME SURETİYLE HAKSIZ REKABET EYLEMİ VE BAZI ÖZEL DURUMLAR
Abstract
6102 sayılı TTK m. 55/1-a hükmünün 1. no.lu alt bendine göre “Başkala-rını veya onların mallarını, iş ürünlerini, fiyatlarını, faaliyetlerini veya ticari işleriniyanlış, yanıltıcı veya gereksiz yere incitici açıklamalarla kötülemek” bir haksız rekabethalidir. Kötüleme olarak adlandırılan bu durum, uygulamada en fazla işlenen haksızrekabet hallerinden biridir. Kötülemenin tespiti, ilk bakışta sıradan ve çözümü kolay birsorun gibi gözükür. Ancak ne var ki, her bir somut olayın kendi şartları içinde ele alın-ması gerekliliği sorunu karmaşık hale getirmektedir. Bazı durumlarda, kötüleyici açık-lamaları yasaklamayı amaçlayan haksız rekabet hükmü ile, bireylerin ifade özgürlüğü,basın özgürlüğü, bilim ve sanat özgürlüğü veya hak arama özgürlüğü gibi temel hak vehürriyetlerini korumayı amaçlayan anayasa hükümleri karşı karşıya gelebilmektedir.Oysaki haksız rekabet hukuku ile anayasa hukuku tamamen farklı amaçlar gütmekte vefarklı dinamikler üzerinden hareket etmektedir. Dolayısıyla, haksız rekabet hukukunadayanan bir ihtilaf bu hukukun ilkeleri içinde çözülmelidir. Bu çalışmada, kötülemeninne olduğu, nasıl tespit edileceği ve uygulamada görülen bazı özel durumlarda sorunanasıl yaklaşılması gerektiği ele alınmıştır.
Article 55/1-a of the Turkish Commercial Code (nr. 6102) states that “to defame others or the goods, business products, prices, activities, business operations of others in a false, misleading or unnecessary way by offending declarations” is a type of unfair competition. This type of unfair competition is called defamation and it is very common in practice. To determine the defamation seems an ordinary and easy problem to solve. However, each case should be evaluated under its own circumstances and this makes the matter complicated. In some cases, the regulation which aims to forbid the defamation may contradict the provisions of the constitution which aim to protect fundamental rights and freedoms such as freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of science and art or right to legal remedies. Yet, the law of unfair competition and constitutional law seek different purposes and have different dynamics. Accordingly, a conflict arising from the law of unfair competition should be resolved according to the principles of that area of law. In this study, the definition and determination of defamation, and the approach that should be embraced in some special situations seem in practice are examined.
Article 55/1-a of the Turkish Commercial Code (nr. 6102) states that “to defame others or the goods, business products, prices, activities, business operations of others in a false, misleading or unnecessary way by offending declarations” is a type of unfair competition. This type of unfair competition is called defamation and it is very common in practice. To determine the defamation seems an ordinary and easy problem to solve. However, each case should be evaluated under its own circumstances and this makes the matter complicated. In some cases, the regulation which aims to forbid the defamation may contradict the provisions of the constitution which aim to protect fundamental rights and freedoms such as freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of science and art or right to legal remedies. Yet, the law of unfair competition and constitutional law seek different purposes and have different dynamics. Accordingly, a conflict arising from the law of unfair competition should be resolved according to the principles of that area of law. In this study, the definition and determination of defamation, and the approach that should be embraced in some special situations seem in practice are examined.