Publication: Cumhuriyet dönemi baloları (1923-1938)
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Date
2024
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Meşrutiyet ile birlikte gelen değişimlerle hızlanan alafranga yaşam, toplumun düşüncesini, zihni şekillenişini etkilemiş ve değiştirmiştir. Osmanlı modernleşmesinde üst ve orta tabakayla sınırlı kalan Batılılaşma Cumhuriyet modernleşmesinde elit zümreler vasıtasıyla toplum hayatına geçirilmiştir. Haberleşme ve ulaşım alanında meydana gelen gelişmelerin de etkisiyle Batılı yaşama biçimleri toplumsal alana aktarılmış, bunun orta tabaka tarafından da benimsenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu görev de askerler, bürokratlar, öğretmenler aracılığıyla yaygınlaştırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca gazete haberleri ve âdâb-ı muâşeret kitapları da önemli ölçüde etkili olmuştur. Adâb-ı muâşeret kitaplarından da kolaylıkla takip edilebilecek bu değişim, eğlencelerde nasıl davranılacağı, davetlilerin hangi kıyafetleri giyeceği ve hangi konulardan konuşulacağı şeklinde bir dizi kuralları topluma aktarmaktadır. Gazete haberlerinde yer alan balo haberleriyle de toplumun ilgisi aktif tutulmaktadır.Cumhuriyet ilanını müteakip kurulan yeni devletin yaptığı pek çok inkılâp, belki de hemen hemen hepsi, Batı menşeiliydi. Sosyo-kültürel alanda yapılan inkılâpların yanı sıra yaşam tarzı olarak da bir yasa ile ilan edilmeyen bir inkılâp diyeceğimiz balo tertipleri, cumhuriyetin başlarında sosyal hayatta kendisini ziyadesiyle göstermiştir. Gerçekleştirilen inkılaplarla yeni bir sosyal ve kültürel yapı oluşturma yönünde önemli adımlar atılmıştır. Oluşturulmak istenen sosyo-kültürel yapının sergilenmesi ve Cumhuriyet'in modern yüzünün temsili olarak da balolar bir araç olarak kullanılmıştır.Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, baloları Batılılaşma projesini gerçekleştirme doğrultusundaki birçok yeniliğin topluma aktarılmasında bir araç olarak görmüş ve Cumhuriyet balolarını geleneksel hale getirerek halkın ilgisini toplamayı başarmıştır. Toplumun sınırlı bir kesiminin balolara katılım sağlayabilmesine rağmen yarattığı etkiler bakımından balolar inkılâpların halka aktarılması ve modernleşme sürecinde oldukça etkili olmuştur.Baloların verdiği modernleşme imgesinin toplum için bir örnek teşkil etmesi hedeflenmiştir. Kadın ve erkeklerin beraber eğlencelere katılabileceğinin mümkün olduğu balolar ile halka gösterilmiş ve toplumdan bu bilinçle hareket etmeleri beklenmiştir. Yönetici kadro ve elit insanlar bu değişime öncülük etmeye çalışırken, toplum bu yeni eğlence kültürüne uyum sağlamada güçlük çekmiştir. Bunun için de millî bayramlarda balolar düzenlenmiş, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk de düzenlenen bu balolara katılmaya özen göstermiştir. Batı’da ortaya çıkan asıl balo ruhundan bağımsız olarak Türk halk oyunları, dansöz oynatılması gibi etkinliklerle kültürümüze ait değerler balolara dâhil edilmiş ve halkın bu yeni eğlence tarzına alışması için çaba gösterilmiştir.
European life, which accelerated with the changes that came with the First Constitutional Monarchy, affected and changed the thinking and mental shaping of the society. Westernization, which had been limited to the upper and middle classes in Ottoman modernization, was introduced into public life through the elite in Republican modernization. With the impact of the developments in the fields of communication and transportation, Western ways of life were transferred to the social sphere and it was aimed to be adopted by the middle class. This task was tried to be disseminated through soldiers, bureaucrats and teachers. Newspaper reports and etiquette books also played an important role. This change, which can be easily traced in etiquette books, conveys to society a series of rules on how to behave at parties, what clothes the guests should wear and what topics to talk about. The public's interest is also kept active by the news about the balls in the newspapers.Many, perhaps almost all, of the reforms made by the new state established following the proclamation of the Republic were of Western origin. In addition to the reforms in the socio-cultural field, proms, which we can call a lifestyle reform that was not declared by a law, showed itself in social life at the beginning of the republic. With the revolutions, important steps were taken to create a new social and cultural structure. Proms were used as a tool to exhibit the socio-cultural structure to be created and to represent the modern face of the Republic.Mustafa Kemal Atatürk saw balls as a means of conveying many innovations in the direction of realizing the Westernization project to the society and succeeded in gathering the interest of the public by making the Republican balls traditional. Despite the fact that a limited segment of the society was able to attend the balls, the balls were very effective in terms of the effects they created in terms of transferring the reforms to the public and in the modernization process.The image of modernization given by the balls was intended to set an example for the society. The public was shown that it was possible for men and women to participate in entertainment together, and society was expected to act with this awareness. While the ruling cadre and the elite tried to pioneer this change, society had difficulty adapting to this new entertainment culture. For this reason, balls were organized on national holidays and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk took care to attend these balls. Independent of the original ball spirit that emerged in the West, the values of our culture were included in the balls with activities such as Turkish folk dances and belly dancers, and efforts were made for the public to get used to this new entertainment style.
European life, which accelerated with the changes that came with the First Constitutional Monarchy, affected and changed the thinking and mental shaping of the society. Westernization, which had been limited to the upper and middle classes in Ottoman modernization, was introduced into public life through the elite in Republican modernization. With the impact of the developments in the fields of communication and transportation, Western ways of life were transferred to the social sphere and it was aimed to be adopted by the middle class. This task was tried to be disseminated through soldiers, bureaucrats and teachers. Newspaper reports and etiquette books also played an important role. This change, which can be easily traced in etiquette books, conveys to society a series of rules on how to behave at parties, what clothes the guests should wear and what topics to talk about. The public's interest is also kept active by the news about the balls in the newspapers.Many, perhaps almost all, of the reforms made by the new state established following the proclamation of the Republic were of Western origin. In addition to the reforms in the socio-cultural field, proms, which we can call a lifestyle reform that was not declared by a law, showed itself in social life at the beginning of the republic. With the revolutions, important steps were taken to create a new social and cultural structure. Proms were used as a tool to exhibit the socio-cultural structure to be created and to represent the modern face of the Republic.Mustafa Kemal Atatürk saw balls as a means of conveying many innovations in the direction of realizing the Westernization project to the society and succeeded in gathering the interest of the public by making the Republican balls traditional. Despite the fact that a limited segment of the society was able to attend the balls, the balls were very effective in terms of the effects they created in terms of transferring the reforms to the public and in the modernization process.The image of modernization given by the balls was intended to set an example for the society. The public was shown that it was possible for men and women to participate in entertainment together, and society was expected to act with this awareness. While the ruling cadre and the elite tried to pioneer this change, society had difficulty adapting to this new entertainment culture. For this reason, balls were organized on national holidays and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk took care to attend these balls. Independent of the original ball spirit that emerged in the West, the values of our culture were included in the balls with activities such as Turkish folk dances and belly dancers, and efforts were made for the public to get used to this new entertainment style.
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Keywords
Balo, suare, davet, eğlence, dans, büfe, cazband Ball, Soiree, Invitation, Entertainment, Dance, Buffet, Jazzband.