Publication: İmam mâturîdî’de akıl-vahiy ilişkisi: Aklın önceliği ve vahyin gerekliliği
Abstract
Akıl ile vahiy arasındaki irtibatın nasıllığı problemi, İslâm düşünce tarihi boyunca ele alınan en temel ve aynı zamanda en önemli meselelerden biri-ni teşkil etmektedir. Bu sebeple tarih boyunca şekillenen düşünce okulla-rını, birbirlerinden farklı kılan ana özelliklerden biri de akıl ile vahiy ara-sındaki ilişkiyi algılama biçimleridir. Dolayısıyla bütün ekolleri bu konu-daki yaklaşım şekillerini ölçü alarak tasnif etmek mümkündür. Burada Mu‘tezilî ve Selefî düşünce iki farklı uçu temsil ederken, makelede açıkla nacağı üzere İmam Mâturîdî tarafından geliştirilen özgün düşünce yönte-mi, itidal çizgisini oluşturmaktadır. Mâturîdî’nin konuyla ilgili benimsedi-ği yaklaşım biçimini incelemeyi amaçlayan bu makalede öncelikle bu bü-yük İslâm düşünürünün sistemi içinde aklın anlamı ve konumu üzerinde durulmuş; bu çerçevede aklın tanımı, kalp ile ilişkisi, fonksiyonu gibi ko-nular ele alınmıştır. Devamında ise aynı şekilde Mâturîdî düşüncesinde vahyin anlamı ve konumu, farklı vahiy biçimleri gibi konular ele alınmış-tır. Birbirinden ayrı varlıklar olarak akıl ve vahiy ortaya konulduktan sonra İmam Mâturîdî’nin her ikisi arasında kurduğu ilişki incelenerek de-ğerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Makalede gerek konu sıralamasında ge-rekse konu başlıklarında Mâturîdî’nin temel yaklaşımı tamamen yansıttığı için akla öncelik verilmiş ama vahiy de ihmal edilmeyerek gerekliliği vur-gulanmıştır.
The problem of the relationship between intellect and revelation has an important place among the fundamental issues that are considered in Islamic Thought. Because of that, one of the main attributes of all the schools of thought that have been formed throughout history is their per-ception of the relation between intellect and revelation. Therefore, it is possible to classify all Islamic schools according to their approach to this subject. While the thought of the Mu‘tazila and that of the Salaf repre-sent two opposite poles on this subject, the unique method of thought de-veloped by al-Māturīdī, as it will be explained in this article, follows the middle road. This article, which aims to examine al-Māturīdī’s original approach, begins with the meaning of intellect and the place of it accord-ing to him; in this context, relevant subjects, such as the definition of in-tellect, its relation to the heart and its function, are elaborated. Later on, the meaning of revelation, its place and different types of revelation will be dealt with in the same way. After exposing the intellect and revelation as separate existences, the relationship between them that was established by al-Māturīdī will be considered. In the article, the highest priority is given to intellect in order to reflect al-Māturīdī’s view, but revelation is not neglected. The necessity of revelation is also emphasized.
The problem of the relationship between intellect and revelation has an important place among the fundamental issues that are considered in Islamic Thought. Because of that, one of the main attributes of all the schools of thought that have been formed throughout history is their per-ception of the relation between intellect and revelation. Therefore, it is possible to classify all Islamic schools according to their approach to this subject. While the thought of the Mu‘tazila and that of the Salaf repre-sent two opposite poles on this subject, the unique method of thought de-veloped by al-Māturīdī, as it will be explained in this article, follows the middle road. This article, which aims to examine al-Māturīdī’s original approach, begins with the meaning of intellect and the place of it accord-ing to him; in this context, relevant subjects, such as the definition of in-tellect, its relation to the heart and its function, are elaborated. Later on, the meaning of revelation, its place and different types of revelation will be dealt with in the same way. After exposing the intellect and revelation as separate existences, the relationship between them that was established by al-Māturīdī will be considered. In the article, the highest priority is given to intellect in order to reflect al-Māturīdī’s view, but revelation is not neglected. The necessity of revelation is also emphasized.