Publication: Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnameleri : kanuni idare ilkesi ve Latin Amerika başkanlık kararnameleri ile karşılaştırmalı incelenmesi
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Date
19.10.2022
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Abstract
Demokratik hukuk devletlerinde kural koyma yetkisi meclislere yani yasama organına ait bir yetki olarak görülmektedir. Buna karşılık, yürütme (başkan veya hükümet) ise kanunları uygulamak ile görevli organ olarak varlık göstermektedir. Ancak 16 Nisan 2017 tarihinde halk oyuna sunulan Anayasa değişiklerinin kabulü ile güç dengesi yürütme lehine değişmeye başlamıştır. Anayasa değişiklikleri ile beraber Cumhurbaşkanlığı hükümet sistemi olarak isimlendirilen başkanlık sistemi modeline geçilmiştir. Bu hükümet sisteminin kural koyma yetkisi bakımından en önemli unsurunu ise Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnameleri (CBK) oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnameleri adı verilen hukuki işlemler, anayasal dayanağı, kapsamı, hukuki niteliği, norm türü ve diğer birçok kural bakımından incelenmektedir. Öncelikle,CBK’ların düzenleme alanı ile doğrudan bağlantılı olan kanuni idare ilkesi genel çerçevede ele alınacaktır. Sonrasında ise kararname kavramı üzerinde durulacak ve kanundan farklı yönleri incelenecektir. İkinci bölümde ise CBK’ları anlamlandırmak ve yorumlamak üzere Latin Amerika anayasalarında yer alan başkanlık kararnamelerine değinilerek söz konusu anayasalar bağlamında karşılaştırma ve sınıflandırma yapılacaktır. Bu aşamadan sonra ise Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası’nda yer alan CBK’lara ilişkin kurallara yer verilecektir. Çalışmanın üçüncü ve son kısmında ise, CBK’lar, Latin Amerika ülkeleri anayasalarında yer alan kararnameler ile karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilecektir. Sonrasında CBK’ların niteliği ve kapsamı konusundaki birtakım tartışmalı noktalar, kanuni idare ilkesinin kapsam ve sınırları dahilinde değerlendirilecektir. Sonuç olarak çalışma, CBK’ların, bir yönüyle benzer anayasal düzenlemeler ile karşılaştırılmasını, bir yönüyle de kanuni idare ilkesi çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesini kapsayacaktır.
In democratic constitutional states, rule-making power is considered a power of the assemblies, that is, a power of the legislature. The executive branch (president or government), on the other hand, is the body responsible for enforcing the laws. However, the balance of power began to shift in favor of the executive branch with the adoption of the constitutional amendment referendum submitted to the public on April 16, 2017. After the constitutional amendments, a presidential system called the Presidential government system was adopted. In this government system, the most important element in terms of rule-making power is presidential decrees. In the current study, presidential decrees are examined as legal acts in terms of constitutional basis, scope, legal qualification, type of norm, and many other rules. First, the principle of legal administration, which is directly associated with the regulation area of presidential decrees, is discussed in a general framework. Then, the term decree is discussed and its difference from laws is examined. In the second chapter, to describe and discuss presidential decrees, the presidential decrees in Latin American constitutions are discussed and comparison and classification are made in the context of constitutions. In the following parts, the rules in the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey regarding presidential decrees are defined. In the third and last chapter of the study, presidential decrees are evaluated by comparing them with presidential decrees in Latin American countries. In the following parts, some controversial issues regarding the nature and scope of presidential decrees are evaluated within the scope and limits of the principle of legal administration. In conclusion, the current study presents both the comparison of presidential decrees with similar constitutional regulations and their evaluation within the framework of the principle of legal administration.
In democratic constitutional states, rule-making power is considered a power of the assemblies, that is, a power of the legislature. The executive branch (president or government), on the other hand, is the body responsible for enforcing the laws. However, the balance of power began to shift in favor of the executive branch with the adoption of the constitutional amendment referendum submitted to the public on April 16, 2017. After the constitutional amendments, a presidential system called the Presidential government system was adopted. In this government system, the most important element in terms of rule-making power is presidential decrees. In the current study, presidential decrees are examined as legal acts in terms of constitutional basis, scope, legal qualification, type of norm, and many other rules. First, the principle of legal administration, which is directly associated with the regulation area of presidential decrees, is discussed in a general framework. Then, the term decree is discussed and its difference from laws is examined. In the second chapter, to describe and discuss presidential decrees, the presidential decrees in Latin American constitutions are discussed and comparison and classification are made in the context of constitutions. In the following parts, the rules in the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey regarding presidential decrees are defined. In the third and last chapter of the study, presidential decrees are evaluated by comparing them with presidential decrees in Latin American countries. In the following parts, some controversial issues regarding the nature and scope of presidential decrees are evaluated within the scope and limits of the principle of legal administration. In conclusion, the current study presents both the comparison of presidential decrees with similar constitutional regulations and their evaluation within the framework of the principle of legal administration.
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Keywords
Anayasa, Kanuni İdare İlkesi, Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnamesi, Yasama, Yürütme
Constitution, The Principle of Legal Administration, Presidential Decrees, Legislature, Executive.