Publication: Fethinden Büveyhîler'e kadar Hemedan şehri
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Date
14.06.2023
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Abstract
Hemedan, İranʼın batısında Cibâl bölgesinin merkezî noktasında yer alan ve tarihi, milâttan önceki asırlara kadar uzanan kadim bir şehirdir. İslâm öncesi dönemde birçok krallığın başkenti olan bu şehir, Hz. Ömer döneminde Nihâvend Savaşı’ndan sonra İslâm topraklarına dahil edilmiştir. Bu nedenle zengin bir medeniyete sahip olmuştur. Stratejik konumunun önemi halifelerin bu şehre özel ilgi göstermelerini sağlamıştır. Zira Hemedan hem önemli uluslararası anayolların kavşağında bulunuyor hem de İran’ın çoğu şehrine kolaylıkla ulaşmayı temin ediyordu. Bu sayede bir üs vazifesi görmüştür. İncelediğimiz dönem içerisinde Hemedan ülke genelini etkileyen iktidar mücadeleleri ve isyanlar gibi siyasî yönden mühim olayların vuku bulduğu bir mekân olmuştur. Emevîler ve Abbâsîler zamanında merkezden atanan valiler tarafından yönetilmiştir. Devlet başkanları bölgeyi sıklıkla ziyaret etmişler, bilhassa ticarî alandaki kıymetinden dolayı her daim güvenli bir kent olmasına ehemmiyet göstermişlerdir.Hemedan sosyo-kültürel, etnik, dinî, ekonomik ve ilmî açılardan da İran’ın önde gelen şehirlerinden birisi olmuştur. Şehir, Farslar, Araplar ve Türkler gibi farklı milletlerin barış içinde bir arada yaşayabildiği kozmopolit bir yapıya sahiptir. Şehirde dinî hareketlerin çeşitlilik arz etmesi ulaştığı uygarlık seviyesini ortaya koymaktadır. Farklı yönlere ayrılan güzergâhlar sayesinde bölgedeki iktisadî yaşam canlılık kazanmış ve çeşitli ticarî ürünlerin imalâtı yapılarak İpek yolunda pazarlanmıştır. Bu nedenle, Hemedanʼın tarihi incelemeleri, farklı medeniyetlerin ve ırkların aydınlatılması ve şehirle ilgili eksikliklerin giderilmesi açısından büyük faydalar sağlayacaktır.
Hamadan is a very old city whose foundation dates back to centuries BC. It is located at the central point of the Jibāl region in the western part of Iran. It was the capital of many monarchys before Islam. Therefore, it had a rich civilization. It was included in the Islamic State by the Muslims just after the battle of Nihāwand. The importance of its strategic location made the caliphs pay special attention to this city. Because Hamadan is located at the junction of the most important international highways; It provided easy access to many cities of Iran. In this way, it served as a base. During the period of our subject, Hamadan has been a place where politically important events such as power struggles and rebellions that affected the country in general took place. During the Umayyad and Abbasid periods, the city was governed by governors appointed from the center. Caliphs visited the region frequently, especially because of its value in the commercial field, they always attached importance to making it a safe city.Hamadan had become one of the leading cities of the Islamic country in terms of socio-cultural, ethnic, religious, economic and scientific aspects. By incorporating a cosmopolitan structure, it enabled nations such as Persians, Arabs and Turks to live together in peace. The diversity of religious movements in the city reveals the level of civilization it has reached. The existence of routes leading to all directions played an important role in the revival of the economic life in the region. Different commercial products were manufactured in the region and marketed on the Silk Road. As a result, we think that our thesis will provide great benefits to urban history studies in terms of enlightening various civilizations and nations by researching all these issues about Hamadan and eliminating the deficiencies about the city in our mind.
Hamadan is a very old city whose foundation dates back to centuries BC. It is located at the central point of the Jibāl region in the western part of Iran. It was the capital of many monarchys before Islam. Therefore, it had a rich civilization. It was included in the Islamic State by the Muslims just after the battle of Nihāwand. The importance of its strategic location made the caliphs pay special attention to this city. Because Hamadan is located at the junction of the most important international highways; It provided easy access to many cities of Iran. In this way, it served as a base. During the period of our subject, Hamadan has been a place where politically important events such as power struggles and rebellions that affected the country in general took place. During the Umayyad and Abbasid periods, the city was governed by governors appointed from the center. Caliphs visited the region frequently, especially because of its value in the commercial field, they always attached importance to making it a safe city.Hamadan had become one of the leading cities of the Islamic country in terms of socio-cultural, ethnic, religious, economic and scientific aspects. By incorporating a cosmopolitan structure, it enabled nations such as Persians, Arabs and Turks to live together in peace. The diversity of religious movements in the city reveals the level of civilization it has reached. The existence of routes leading to all directions played an important role in the revival of the economic life in the region. Different commercial products were manufactured in the region and marketed on the Silk Road. As a result, we think that our thesis will provide great benefits to urban history studies in terms of enlightening various civilizations and nations by researching all these issues about Hamadan and eliminating the deficiencies about the city in our mind.
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Hemedan, İran, Şehir tarihi, Cibâl bölgesi, Nihâvend, Hulefâ-yi Râşidîn, Emevîler, Abbâsîler Hamadan, Iran, Urban History, Jibāl Region, al-K̲h̲ulafāʾ al-Rās̲h̲idūn, Umayyads, Abbasids