Publication: Düşük doz iyonize radyasyonun zebra balığı embriyolarının gelişimi üzerine etkileri
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2024
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Amaç: Bu çalışmada diş hekimliği radyolojisinde tanı amacıyla kullanılan düşük doz iyonize radyasyon maruziyetinin zebra balığı embriyolarındaki gelişime, nörogeneze ve otizm spektrum bozukluğuna (OSB) etkilerinin biyokimyasal ve moleküler düzeyde araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve yöntem: Fertilizasyon sonrası, zebra balığı embriyoları kontrol(ışınlanmayan), 0,08, 0,15s ve 0,30s sürelerde dental röntgen cihazından x-ışını uygulanmak üzere dört gruba ayrılmıştır. Doz ölçümünde optik luminesens (OSL) dozimetreler (Epsilon Landauer, İstanbul, Türkiye) kullanılmıştır. Embriyoların 24., 48. ve 72. saatteki ölüm-kalım ve koryondan çıkış analizleri yapılmış, oksidan-antioksidan parametreler ile apoptotik süreçler biyokimyasal olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Görülen malformasyonlar kayıt altına alınmış ve lokomotor aktivite testleri değerlendirilmiştir. Embriyonların gelişiminin yanı sıra RT-PCR ile OSB ve nörogenez ile ilgili seçilen gen aktivitelerinin ekspresyonları incelenmiştir. Bulgular: X-ışını maruziyet gruplarında pigmentasyon kaybı, perikardiyal ödem, yolk sak ödemi ve skolyoz görülmüştür. Zebra balığı embriyolarına 0,08 s, 0,15 s ve 0,30 s sürelerde uygulanan x-ışınının OSL dozimetrede absorbe edilen vücut dozu değerleri sırasıyla 7,17, 23,17 ve 63,83 mSv olarak ölçülmüştür. Tüm maruziyet gruplarında kontrol grubuna oranla lokomotor aktivitede azalma, lipit peroksidasyonda, glutatyon-s-transferaz aktivitesinde, nitrik oksit seviyesinde artma ve süperoksit dismutaz, AChE aktivitesinde azalma görülmüştür. Katalaz aktivitelerinde kontrol grubuna göre maruziyet gruplarında azalma, maruziyet süresi arttıkça katalaz aktivitelerinde artış görülmüştür. Maruziyet gruplarında bax, bcl2a, p53, eif4eb aktivitelerinde artış, syn2a, neruog1, elavl3, shank3a, adsl gen ifadelerinde azalma görülmüştür. Sonuç: Düşük doz iyonize radyasyon uygulanan gruplarının tümünde oksidan ve antioksidan sistemde olumsuz etkiler, apoptoz-antiapoptoz sürecinde bozulmalar ve malformasyonlar yanında OSB ve nörogenez ile ilgili gen ifadelerinde değişiklikler görülmüş ve bu etkiler en belirgin 0,30 saniye grubunda gözlenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları iyonize radyasyonun düşük dozlarıyla otizm arasındaki ilişkiye daha yakından bakılması gerektiğini göstermiştir.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to low dose of ionising radiation exposure to development, neurogenesis and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at molecular and biochemical levels.Material and methods: After fertilisation, zebrafish embryos were divided into four groups and exposed using a dental x-ray unit: control (no exposure), 0.08, 0.15 and 0.30 seconds, representing exemplary exposure settings for periapical imaging. For dose measurements in each group, OSL dosimeters (Epsilon Landauer, Istanbul, Turkey) were used. Mortality rate, hatching rate and markers of oxidative stress were assessed at 24, 48 and 72 hours post-exposure. Malformations and locomotor activity were also recorded. Expression of selected gene activities related to embryonic development, neurogenesis and ASD were assessed by RT-PCR.Results: Loss of pigmentation, pericardial oedema, yolk sac oedema, and scoliosis were observed in the x-ray exposure groups compared with the control group. Decreased locomotor activity, lipid peroxidation, glutathione-S-transferase activity, increased nitric oxide levels, and decreased superoxide dismutase, AChE activity were observed in all exposure groups. Exposure times of 0.08 s, 0.15 s, and 0.30 s were measured as 7.17, 23.17, and 63.83 mSv, respectively, using optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters. Compared with the control group, catalase activity decreased in the exposure groups. Catalase activity increased with increasing exposure time. Exposure groups showed increased activity of bax, bcl2a, p53, eif4eb decreased expression of syn2a, neurog1, elavl3, shank3a and adsl genes.Conclusion: Adverse effects on the oxidative and antioxidant systems, malformations and disturbances in the apoptosis-antiapoptotic process, and changes in gene expression associated with autism and neurogenesis were observed in all groups of embryos exposed to radiation. These effects were more pronounced in the 0.30-second exposure groups. On the basis of these findings, it has been suggested that the associations between ASD and low doses of ionising radiation need to be looked at more closely.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to low dose of ionising radiation exposure to development, neurogenesis and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at molecular and biochemical levels.Material and methods: After fertilisation, zebrafish embryos were divided into four groups and exposed using a dental x-ray unit: control (no exposure), 0.08, 0.15 and 0.30 seconds, representing exemplary exposure settings for periapical imaging. For dose measurements in each group, OSL dosimeters (Epsilon Landauer, Istanbul, Turkey) were used. Mortality rate, hatching rate and markers of oxidative stress were assessed at 24, 48 and 72 hours post-exposure. Malformations and locomotor activity were also recorded. Expression of selected gene activities related to embryonic development, neurogenesis and ASD were assessed by RT-PCR.Results: Loss of pigmentation, pericardial oedema, yolk sac oedema, and scoliosis were observed in the x-ray exposure groups compared with the control group. Decreased locomotor activity, lipid peroxidation, glutathione-S-transferase activity, increased nitric oxide levels, and decreased superoxide dismutase, AChE activity were observed in all exposure groups. Exposure times of 0.08 s, 0.15 s, and 0.30 s were measured as 7.17, 23.17, and 63.83 mSv, respectively, using optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters. Compared with the control group, catalase activity decreased in the exposure groups. Catalase activity increased with increasing exposure time. Exposure groups showed increased activity of bax, bcl2a, p53, eif4eb decreased expression of syn2a, neurog1, elavl3, shank3a and adsl genes.Conclusion: Adverse effects on the oxidative and antioxidant systems, malformations and disturbances in the apoptosis-antiapoptotic process, and changes in gene expression associated with autism and neurogenesis were observed in all groups of embryos exposed to radiation. These effects were more pronounced in the 0.30-second exposure groups. On the basis of these findings, it has been suggested that the associations between ASD and low doses of ionising radiation need to be looked at more closely.
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Keywords
Radyasyon, zebra balığı, embriyo, gelişim, nörogenez, OSB Radiation, zebrafish embryo, development, neurogenesis, ASD