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Cytokine storm in COVID-19: pathogenesis and overview of anti-inflammatory agents used in treatment

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dc.contributor.authorATAGÜNDÜZ, IŞIK
dc.contributor.authorsSoy, Mehmet; Keser, Gokhan; Atagunduz, Pamir; Tabak, Fehmi; Atagunduz, Isik; Kayhan, Servet
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-10T11:39:01Z
dc.date.available2022-03-10T11:39:01Z
dc.date.issued2020-07
dc.description.abstractCOVID-19 infection has a heterogenous disease course
dc.description.abstractit may be asymptomatic or causes only mild symptoms in the majority of the cases, while immunologic complications such as macrophage activation syndrome also known as secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, resulting in cytokine storm syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome, may also occur in some patients. According to current literature, impairment of SARS-CoV-2 clearance due to genetic and viral features, lower levels of interferons, increased neutrophil extracellular traps, and increased pyroptosis and probable other unknown mechanisms create a background for severe disease course complicated by macrophage activation syndrome and cytokine storm. Various genetic mutations may also constitute a risk factor for severe disease course and occurrence of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Once, immunologic complications like cytokine storm occur, anti-viral treatment alone is not enough and should be combined with appropriate anti-inflammatory treatment. Anti-rheumatic drugs, which are tried for managing immunologic complications of COVID-19 infection, will also be discussed including chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, JAK inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, IL-1 inhibitors, anti-TNF-alpha agents, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and colchicine. Early recognition and appropriate treatment of immunologic complications will decrease the morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 infection, which requires the collaboration of infectious disease, lung, and intensive care unit specialists with other experts such as immunologists, rheumatologists, and hematologists.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10067-020-05190-5
dc.identifier.eissn1434-9949
dc.identifier.issn0770-3198
dc.identifier.pubmed32474885
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11424/219824
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000536442100001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherSPRINGER LONDON LTD
dc.relation.ispartofCLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectCOVID-19
dc.subjectCytokine storm syndrome
dc.subjectHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
dc.subjectMacrophage activation syndrome
dc.subjectRESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS
dc.subjectHOST-DEFENSE
dc.subjectCHLOROQUINE
dc.subjectINFECTION
dc.subjectVIRUS
dc.subjectEFFICACY
dc.subjectMDA5
dc.titleCytokine storm in COVID-19: pathogenesis and overview of anti-inflammatory agents used in treatment
dc.typereview
dspace.entity.typePublication
local.avesis.id1755b889-ee92-4e1f-93de-15c4972c8f0e
local.import.packageSS4
local.indexed.atWOS
local.indexed.atSCOPUS
local.indexed.atPUBMED
local.journal.numberofpages10
local.journal.quartileQ3
oaire.citation.endPage2094
oaire.citation.issue7
oaire.citation.startPage2085
oaire.citation.titleCLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY
oaire.citation.volume39
relation.isAuthorOfPublication689dc227-5bcc-4ccf-9bb3-b1eb433b5a45
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery689dc227-5bcc-4ccf-9bb3-b1eb433b5a45

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