Publication: Bilgi ekonomisi ve Türkiye
Abstract
Toplumsal refahın yükseltilebilmesi, sürdürülebilir büyüme ve istihdam artışının sağlamasıyla mümkündür. Uluslararası rekabet gücünü artırmak, verimlilik artışına, emek ve kaynak yoğun ürünlerde uzmanlaşmadan katma değeri yüksek, bilgi ve teknoloji yoğun, talep ve gelir esneklikleri yüksek ürünlerin üretimine doğru bir yer değiştirmeye ve nihayet teknolojik yetenek edinimine bağlıdır. Teknolojik yetenek edinimi sürecinde bazı teknolojik faaliyetler, yayılma özellikleri nedeniyle kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu türden jenerik teknoloji alanlarından biri de bilgi teknolojileridir. Bilgi teknolojilerinin yarattığı bilgi ekonomilerinde değer yaratma süreci bilgiye dayanmaktadır. Bilgi üretme, dağıtma, toplama ve işleme çerçevesindeki uğraşların çoğaldığı, üretim ve istihdamda bilgi ve yenilik üretiminin belirleyici olduğu toplumlar ise bilgi toplumları olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Günümüzde refah düzeyi ve rekabet gücü yüksek olan ülkeler, bilgi toplumları olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Temel resmi belgelerinde de görüldüğü üzere Türkiyenin en önemli hedeflerinden biri bilgi toplumuna dönüşmektir. Bu amaçla kalkınma planları, strateji belgeleri, eylem planları hazırlayan Türkiyenin, bilgi toplumuna dönüşüm sürecinin neresinde olduğu sorusunun cevabı önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiyede bilgi toplumuna dönüşme adına atılan adımlar değerlendirilecek, ekonomik, beşeri ve altyapısal kriterler çerçevesinde Türkiyede bilgi ekonomisinin büyüklüğü tespit edilmeye çalışılacak, Dünya Bankasının ölçümlerde ve uluslararası karşılaştırmalarda kullandığı Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) ve Knowledge Index (KI) çerçevesinde Türkiyenin uluslararası ölçekteki konumu değerlendirilecektir.
Fostering wealth is possible with sustainable growth and increasing employment. Augmenting competitiveness, surely deal with increasing productivity, a shift from labour and resource intensive manufacturing to the knowledge based manufacturing, and manufacturing value added products and ultimately obtaining technological capabilities. Within the process obtaining technological capabilities, some technological proceedings are critically important because of their diffusional effects. One of these generic technologies is information and communication technologies. The process of manufacturing of value in the knowledge economies, which are created by the information and communication technologies, depends on knowledge. The societies in which the efforts of manufacturing, gathering, dissipating and processing knowledge increase and in which the production of knowledge and innovation determines the manufacturing and employment are called the knowledge societies. Today wealthiest and competitive countries are known as knowledge societies. One of the most significant goals of Turkey, as seen in the basic formal and national documents, is transforming into a knowledge society. It must be questioned in which phase Turkey who prepares development plans, strategy papers, and plans of action to reach this goal, stands in this transformation process. In this paper, Turkey s process of transforming into a knowledge society is considered and the extent of knowledge economy in Turkey is stated through the economical, social and infrastructural aspects. Also the situation of Turkey in the international scale is evaluated by using Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) and Knowledge Index (KI) which are The World Bank s main tools in rankings and international comparisons.
Fostering wealth is possible with sustainable growth and increasing employment. Augmenting competitiveness, surely deal with increasing productivity, a shift from labour and resource intensive manufacturing to the knowledge based manufacturing, and manufacturing value added products and ultimately obtaining technological capabilities. Within the process obtaining technological capabilities, some technological proceedings are critically important because of their diffusional effects. One of these generic technologies is information and communication technologies. The process of manufacturing of value in the knowledge economies, which are created by the information and communication technologies, depends on knowledge. The societies in which the efforts of manufacturing, gathering, dissipating and processing knowledge increase and in which the production of knowledge and innovation determines the manufacturing and employment are called the knowledge societies. Today wealthiest and competitive countries are known as knowledge societies. One of the most significant goals of Turkey, as seen in the basic formal and national documents, is transforming into a knowledge society. It must be questioned in which phase Turkey who prepares development plans, strategy papers, and plans of action to reach this goal, stands in this transformation process. In this paper, Turkey s process of transforming into a knowledge society is considered and the extent of knowledge economy in Turkey is stated through the economical, social and infrastructural aspects. Also the situation of Turkey in the international scale is evaluated by using Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) and Knowledge Index (KI) which are The World Bank s main tools in rankings and international comparisons.