Publication: #Metoo sonrası Hollywood kadın filmlerinin eleştirel teori ve feminist film kuramı açısından incelenmesi
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2024
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2006'da ortaya çıkan ve 2017'de tekrar gündeme gelen #MeToo hareketi, başta cinsel suçlarolmak üzere çeşitli mağduriyetler ve ayrımcılık yaşayan kadınların sosyal medyada seslerini duyurmaya başladığı bir slogandan, kadınların dayanıştığı bir harekete dönüşmüştür. Yapımcı Harvey Weinstein'in işlediği cinsel suçların The New York Times gazetesinde gündeme gelmesiyle pek çok kadın film endüstrisinde yaşadığı cinsel saldırıları ve cinsiyet temelli ayrımcılığı dile getirmiş ve söz konusu hareket Hollywood'da yankı bulmuş tur. Bu durum güç sahibi erkeklerin pozisyonlarını kaybetmelerine sebep olarak film endüstrisinde yaratıcı konumda yer alan kadınların sayısının azlığına ve Hollywood'un kadın hikayelerine açtığı alanın kısıtlılığına dikkat çekmiştir. Bu atmosfer de gerek kamera önü gerekse kamera arkasındaki kadınların görünürlüğü artmaya başlamış , kadın kahramanların ön planda olduğu filmlerin sayısında artış gözlemlenmiştir.Bu çalışmada Hollywood'un ataerkil zihniyetine bir tepki olarak ortaya çıkan #MeToo hareketinin Hollywood endüstrisinde gerçekleştirdiği görülen dönüşümün endüstri dinamiklerine nasıl etki ettiği ve bu endüstrinin ürünleri olan filmlere nasıl yansıdığı incelenmiştir. 2017 ve sonrasında kadın yönetmenler tarafından çekilen ve kadın baş kahramanların yer aldığı filmlerin popüler kültür ürünü olarak Hollywood sinemasını anlatı ve temsil politikaları bağlamında nasıl dönüştürdüğü ele alınmıştır. Kültürel çalışmalar ve feminist film kuramı çerçevesinde incelenen filmlerde kadın hikayelerinin sayısının arttığı gözlemlenirken temsil politikalarının Hollywood'un 1910'lardan beri benimsediği temsil politikalarından farklılaşmadığı, #MeToo sonrası süreçte yalnızca söz konusu ideolojinin temsil biçimlerinin şekil değiştirdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
The #MeToo movement, which emerged in 2006 and came to the fore again in 2017, has transformed from a slogan in which women who experienced various grievances and discrimination, especially sexual crimes, to make their voices heard on social media, into a movement in which women stand in solidarity. When the sexual crimes committed by producer Harvey Weinstein came to the fore in The New York Times, many women voiced the sexual assaults and gender-based discrimination they experienced in the film industry, and the movement in question resonated in Hollywood. This situation caused powerful men to lose their positions, drawing attention to the low number of women in creative positions in the film industry and the limited space opened by Hollywood for women's stories. In this atmosphere, the visibility of women both in front of and behind the camera has begun to increase, and an increase has been observed in the number of films in which female heroes are at the forefront.In this study, it was examined how the transformation in the Hollywood industry brought about by the #MeToo movement, which emerged as a reaction to Hollywood's patriarchal mentality, affected the industry dynamics and how it was reflected in the films that are the products of this industry. It was discussed how the films shot by female directors and featuring female protagonists in 2017 and later transformed Hollywood cinema as a product of popular culture in the context of narrative and representation policies. While it was observed that the number of women's stories increased in the films examined within the framework of cultural studies and feminist film theory, it was concluded that the representation policies did not differ from the representation policies adopted by Hollywood since the 1910s, and only the forms of representation of the ideology in question changed in the post-#MeToo period.
The #MeToo movement, which emerged in 2006 and came to the fore again in 2017, has transformed from a slogan in which women who experienced various grievances and discrimination, especially sexual crimes, to make their voices heard on social media, into a movement in which women stand in solidarity. When the sexual crimes committed by producer Harvey Weinstein came to the fore in The New York Times, many women voiced the sexual assaults and gender-based discrimination they experienced in the film industry, and the movement in question resonated in Hollywood. This situation caused powerful men to lose their positions, drawing attention to the low number of women in creative positions in the film industry and the limited space opened by Hollywood for women's stories. In this atmosphere, the visibility of women both in front of and behind the camera has begun to increase, and an increase has been observed in the number of films in which female heroes are at the forefront.In this study, it was examined how the transformation in the Hollywood industry brought about by the #MeToo movement, which emerged as a reaction to Hollywood's patriarchal mentality, affected the industry dynamics and how it was reflected in the films that are the products of this industry. It was discussed how the films shot by female directors and featuring female protagonists in 2017 and later transformed Hollywood cinema as a product of popular culture in the context of narrative and representation policies. While it was observed that the number of women's stories increased in the films examined within the framework of cultural studies and feminist film theory, it was concluded that the representation policies did not differ from the representation policies adopted by Hollywood since the 1910s, and only the forms of representation of the ideology in question changed in the post-#MeToo period.
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Hollywood, Feminizm, #MeToo, Popüler Kültür, Kadın Filmleri, Kadın Sineması Hollywood, Feminism, #MeToo, Popular Culture, Women’s Film, Women’s Cinema