Publication: AYÇİÇEĞİ (Helianthus annuus L.)’NDE OROBANŞ VE HERBISITE DAYANIKLI DİHAPLOİT HATLARIN IN VITRO KOŞULLARDA GELİŞTİRİLMESİ
Loading...
Date
2018-15-04
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Ayçiçeği ıslahında haploid tekniğini kullanarak ıslah işlerinin daha kısa ve daha etkin bir_x000D_şekilde gerçekleştirilmesine katkı sağlanmasının amaçlandığı projemizde, Trakya Tarımsal_x000D_Araştırma Enstitüsü (TTAE) tarafından yürütülen ülkesel ayçiçeği ıslah proje materyali_x000D_kullanılmıştır. SU (sulfonurerea) grubu ve IMI (imidazolinon) grubu herbisitlere dayanıklılık ile_x000D_orobanş parazit otuna dayanıklı ana ve restorer hatlarda bitki doku kültürü tekniklerini_x000D_kullanarak anter ve mikrospor kültürü yolu ile haploidlerin elde edilmesi, dihaploidizasyon ve_x000D_ploidi kontrolüne yönelik flow ve kromozom analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir._x000D_Androgenik doku kültürü çalışmaları kapsamında anter kültürü ile sürgün rejenerasyonu ve_x000D_toprağa adaptasyonu, mikrospor kültürü ile kalllus rejenerasyonu elde edilmiştir. Anter kültürü_x000D_ile elde rejenerasyonu sağlanan örneklerin haploid olup olmadıklarına yönelik yapılan flow_x000D_analizlerinde tüm örneklerin diploid olduğu görülmüştür._x000D_Bu nedenle projemizde B planı olarak yer alan ışınlanmış polenlerle dişi çiçeklerin tozlanması_x000D_yoluyla haploid bitki elde edilmesi ve uyartım sonucu oluşan haploid embriyoların bitkiye_x000D_dönüştürülebilmesi için de devamında embriyo kültürü çalışmaları da gerçekleştirilmiştir._x000D_Ülkemiz için öncü nitelikte olan bu çalışmalar sonunda 750 Gy ve 1000 Gy dozda gama ışını_x000D_uygulanmış polen kaynağı ile tozlanan IMI044 (CMS) hatında ve 1000 Gy dozda gama ışını_x000D_uygulanmış polen kaynağı ile tozlanan G4 K7A ÇRZ SN-4/17 (CMS) hattında, 1000 Gy dozda_x000D_gama ışını uygulanmış polen kaynağı ile tozlanan SURES K2AD SN-2/15 (Emasküle)_x000D_hattında haploid bitkiler elde edilmiştir. Bu örneklerdeki kolşisin uygulaması şeklinde_x000D_gerçekleştirilen dihaploidizasyon çalışmaları öncesindeki ve sonrasındaki flow analizleri ile_x000D_ilgili örneklerin haploid oldukları belirlenmiştir._x000D_Devam eden ışınlanmış polen ile tozlama sonrası embriyo kültürü çalışmaları ile flow analizi_x000D_ile diploid oldukları belirlenen ve toprağa alıştırılan IMI-K2-R-SN-7/15, IMI-K2-R-SN-22/15 ve_x000D_IMI-K2-AD-SN-2/15 bitkilerden tohum alınarak rejenerasyon süresi kısaltılmıştır. Bu diploid_x000D_bitkilerin aslında kendiliğinden katlanarak gelişen dihaploid bitkiler olduğu görüldü. Bu_x000D_dihaploid bitkilerin dayanıklılık testleri ile doğrulanması çalışmaları kapsamında, haploid_x000D_tekniğiyle elde edilen ve sonra dihaploid olarak saksılara aktarılan bitki tohumları Trakya TAE_x000D_bitki büyütme odasında kış döneminde yetiştirilmiştir. Yetiştirilme esnasında IMI grubu herbisit_x000D_uygulanmış ve uygulamadan 1 ve 2 hafta sonra 1-9 skalasına göre ?1? değerleri aldığı_x000D_değerlendirilerek dayanıklı olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Ayrıca saksılara ekilirken orobanş_x000D_bulaştırılmış ve dayanıklı tek bitkiler belirlenmiştir. Bu şekilde IMI-K2-R-SN-7/15 (750 gray doz_x000D_uygulanan restorer materyal)?den 2 adet, IMI-K2-R-SN-22/15 (750 gray doz uygulanan_x000D_restorer materyal)?den 4 adet ve IMI-K2-AD-SN-2/15 (1000 gray doz uygulanan ana-_x000D_maintanier materyal)?den 2 adet olmak üzere IMI grubu herbisitlere ve orobanşa dayanıklı_x000D_toplam 8 adet bitki elde edilmiştir._x000D_Tamamlanan bu proje ile dihaploid hatların elde edilmesi, 10-12 generasyonluk kendileme_x000D_yöntemine karşılık ışınlanmış polen kültürü tekniklerinin kullanılmasıyla, 2 yıl gibi daha kısa_x000D_sürede gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Our project aims to carry out more efficient and short time effort in sunflower breeding_x000D_using haploid technique. The National Sunflower Project Material which is performed by_x000D_Directorate of Trakya Agricultural Research Institute is used. In maintainer and restorer lines_x000D_which are resistant to SU (sulfonurerea) and IMI (imidazolinon) group herbicides and_x000D_orobanche obtaining haploid plant, dihaploidisation and ploidy measuring (by flow cytometry_x000D_and chromosome analysis) performed, using plant tissue culture techniques by anther and_x000D_microspor culturing._x000D_Within the coverage of androgenic tissue culture studies, shoot regeneration and_x000D_adaptation to soil with anther culture, callus regeneration with microspore culture were_x000D_succeed. According to the flow analyses all of the regenerated plants by anther culture were_x000D_diploid._x000D_Therefore as B plan, female flowers were pollinated with irradiated pollens for haploid_x000D_plant production and after stimulation to transform a mature plant, embryo culture studies_x000D_were also performed on haploid embryos. These are first studies for our country. HaploidAyçiçeği, haploid, dihaploid, androgenez, orobanş dayanıklılığı, herbisit dayanıklılığı_x000D_plants were produced in IMI044 (CMS) lines pollinated with 750 Gy and 1000 Gy doses of_x000D_gamma radiated pollens, G4 K7A ÇRZ SN-4/17 (CMS) lines pollinated with1000 Gy dose of_x000D_gamma radiated pollens and SURES K2AD SN-2/15 (Emascule) lines pollinated with1000_x000D_Gy dose of gamma radiated pollens. According to the flow cytometry results, after colchicine_x000D_treatment for dihaploidization the haploid samples were still haploid._x000D_After pollination with irradiated pollens, the embryo cultures were diploid determined by_x000D_flow cytometry. The plantlets were transferred to soil and the seeds of IMI-K2-R-SN-7/15,_x000D_IMI-K2-R-SN-22/15 and IMI-K2-AD-SN-2/15 were collected. To confirm the resistance of_x000D_dihaploid plants, the plant seeds that obtained from haploid technique and converted to_x000D_dihaploid were grown at plant growth room of Directorate of Trakya Agricultural Research_x000D_Institute at winter term. During cultivation IMI group herbicide were applied and after 1-2_x000D_weeks of application their resistance were proved with “1” mark according to the scale 1-9._x000D_Moreover during planting orobanche infected and resistance plants were detected. Totally_x000D_resistant to IMI herbicide and orobanche 8 plants [2 plant from IMI-K2-R-SN-7/15 (750 gray_x000D_dose applied restorer plant), 4 plant from IMI-K2-R-SN-22/15 (750 gray dose applied restorer_x000D_plant) and 2 plant from IMI-K2-AD-SN-2/15 (1000 gray dose applied maintainer plant)] were obtained. With this completed project, using irradiated pollen culture techniques against to_x000D_selfing techniques for 10-12 generation, dihaploid lines were obtained for only 2 years.
Our project aims to carry out more efficient and short time effort in sunflower breeding_x000D_using haploid technique. The National Sunflower Project Material which is performed by_x000D_Directorate of Trakya Agricultural Research Institute is used. In maintainer and restorer lines_x000D_which are resistant to SU (sulfonurerea) and IMI (imidazolinon) group herbicides and_x000D_orobanche obtaining haploid plant, dihaploidisation and ploidy measuring (by flow cytometry_x000D_and chromosome analysis) performed, using plant tissue culture techniques by anther and_x000D_microspor culturing._x000D_Within the coverage of androgenic tissue culture studies, shoot regeneration and_x000D_adaptation to soil with anther culture, callus regeneration with microspore culture were_x000D_succeed. According to the flow analyses all of the regenerated plants by anther culture were_x000D_diploid._x000D_Therefore as B plan, female flowers were pollinated with irradiated pollens for haploid_x000D_plant production and after stimulation to transform a mature plant, embryo culture studies_x000D_were also performed on haploid embryos. These are first studies for our country. HaploidAyçiçeği, haploid, dihaploid, androgenez, orobanş dayanıklılığı, herbisit dayanıklılığı_x000D_plants were produced in IMI044 (CMS) lines pollinated with 750 Gy and 1000 Gy doses of_x000D_gamma radiated pollens, G4 K7A ÇRZ SN-4/17 (CMS) lines pollinated with1000 Gy dose of_x000D_gamma radiated pollens and SURES K2AD SN-2/15 (Emascule) lines pollinated with1000_x000D_Gy dose of gamma radiated pollens. According to the flow cytometry results, after colchicine_x000D_treatment for dihaploidization the haploid samples were still haploid._x000D_After pollination with irradiated pollens, the embryo cultures were diploid determined by_x000D_flow cytometry. The plantlets were transferred to soil and the seeds of IMI-K2-R-SN-7/15,_x000D_IMI-K2-R-SN-22/15 and IMI-K2-AD-SN-2/15 were collected. To confirm the resistance of_x000D_dihaploid plants, the plant seeds that obtained from haploid technique and converted to_x000D_dihaploid were grown at plant growth room of Directorate of Trakya Agricultural Research_x000D_Institute at winter term. During cultivation IMI group herbicide were applied and after 1-2_x000D_weeks of application their resistance were proved with “1” mark according to the scale 1-9._x000D_Moreover during planting orobanche infected and resistance plants were detected. Totally_x000D_resistant to IMI herbicide and orobanche 8 plants [2 plant from IMI-K2-R-SN-7/15 (750 gray_x000D_dose applied restorer plant), 4 plant from IMI-K2-R-SN-22/15 (750 gray dose applied restorer_x000D_plant) and 2 plant from IMI-K2-AD-SN-2/15 (1000 gray dose applied maintainer plant)] were obtained. With this completed project, using irradiated pollen culture techniques against to_x000D_selfing techniques for 10-12 generation, dihaploid lines were obtained for only 2 years.
Description
Keywords
Bitki Bilimleri, Ziraat Mühendisliği