Publication: Senatus Consultum Ultimum: Eski Roma’da Olağanüstü Yönetim Kararı
Abstract
Senatus consultum ultimum, halk ayaklanması gibi devlete yönelik iç tehditleri ortadan kaldırmakamacıyla, konsül başta olmak üzere üst düzey magistra’ları sınırsız askerî yetkilerle donatan senatokararıdır. Olağanüstü durumlarda son çare olarak alınan senato kararının yürürlüğe girmesiyle, içtehdit olarak görülen kişiler, halk düşmanı ilan edilmek suretiyle, halk meclislerinde halka başvuruhakkı (provocatio) söz konusu olmaksızın, her türlü yöntemle ortadan kaldırılabilirdi. Bu bakımdansenato kararı, Romalıların vatandaşlık hakkının ve anayasanın geçici süreliğine askıya alındığıolağanüstü yönetim biçimini hayata geçiren bir hukukî işlemdir.
Senatus consultum ultimum is the decree of the Roman senate, which provides higher magistrates, particularly consuls, unlimited military powers in order to eliminate internal threats against the res publica. With the entry into force of the senatorial decree, which is used as last resort in case of emergencies, people considered as internal threats and declared as public enemies could be eliminated by all means. They were not protected by the right of provocation, the right to appeal to the Roman people. In this regard, the senatorial decree establishes an emergency government which temporarily suspend the right of city of Roman citizens and the constitution.
Senatus consultum ultimum is the decree of the Roman senate, which provides higher magistrates, particularly consuls, unlimited military powers in order to eliminate internal threats against the res publica. With the entry into force of the senatorial decree, which is used as last resort in case of emergencies, people considered as internal threats and declared as public enemies could be eliminated by all means. They were not protected by the right of provocation, the right to appeal to the Roman people. In this regard, the senatorial decree establishes an emergency government which temporarily suspend the right of city of Roman citizens and the constitution.
