Publication: Cam matriks seramik ve rezin matriks seramik materyallerine termal yaşlandırma işleminin etkisi : bükülme dayanımı, mikrosertlik değerlendirmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Bu in vitro çalışmanın amacı, farklı matriks yapısına sahip 7 farklı cam matriks seramik (Amber Mill, Hassbio, Kore; LiSi, GC, Japonya; Celtro Duo, Dentsply Sirona, Almanya; Tessera, Dentpsly Sirona, Almanya; IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar, Liechtenstein) ve rezin matriks (Cerasmart, GC, Japonya; Grandio Blocs, VOCO, Almanya) CAD/ CAM materyallerinin bükülme dayanımı, elastik modül, mikrosertlik değerlerini kıyaslamak, 50.000 termosiklus ile yaşlandırma sonrası farklılıkları değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tüm CAD/ CAM bloklardan üç nokta bükülme testi için bar şeklinde çubuk (1.2 x 4 x 14 mm) ve yüzey mikrosertlik ölçümleri için ise dikdörtgen (2 mm kalınlığında) şeklinde su altında hassas kesim cihazı (Isomet1000, Buehler, ABD) ile toplam 210 örnek elde edildi. Örneklerin yarısı 50.000 döngü ile 5-55C arasında termal döngü cihazı (SD Mechatronik, Almanya) kullanılarak yaşlandırıldı, diğer yarısı ise 24 saat boyunca 37C distile suda bekletildi. 3 nokta bükülme üniversal test cihazı (AG-X 5kN, Shimadzu, Japonya) kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi, bükülme dayanımı (FS) ve elastik modülüs (EM) hesaplandı. Mikrosertlik ölçümleri (n=5) tamamlandı (Microhardness Tester HMV-2, Shimadzu, Japan) ve Vicker’s mikrosertlik (VHN) değerleri hesaplandı. İstatistiksel analiz için Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U testleri kullanıldı, önem düzeyi p<0,05 alındı. Bulgular: Tessera, 24 saat sonra incelenen malzemeler arasında FS (570 MPa), EM (66,2 GPa) ve VHN (717,7) için en yüksek medyan değerlerine sahipken, Cerasmart (FS:260; EM:12,8 ve VHN:99,9) sırasıyla en düşük değerleri sergilemiştir. Hem 24 saat sonra hem de termal yaşlandırma sonrasında FS, EM ve VHN için malzemeler arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur (p<0.001). Aynı zamanda, termal yaşlandırmanın ardından tüm malzemeler için FS değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir düşüş olmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç: Tedavi prosedürü için en uygun CAD/ CAM malzemesini seçerken mekanik özellikleri, malzemeler arasındaki farkları ve yaşlanma sürecinden kaynaklanan potansiyel değişiklikleri göz önünde bulundurmak önemlidir.
Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to examine matrix glass matrix ceramics (Amber Mill, Hassbio, Korea; LiSi, GC, Japan; Celtro Duo, Dentsply Sirona, Germany; Tessera, Dentsly Sirona, Germany; IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar, Liechtenstein) and resin matrix (Cerasmart, GC, Japan; Grandio Blocs, VOCO, Germany) 7 different blocks to compare the flexural strength, elastic modulus, resilience, surface Vicker's microhardness values and evaluate of the differences after aging with 24 hours and 50.000 thermocycles. Materials and Methods: Bar-shape samples (1.2 x 4 x 14 mm) for the three-point bending test and rectangular (2 mm thickness) samples for the Vicker’s microhardness test, were prepared with a precision cutting device Isomet1000, Buehler, ABD) under water. Half of the samples were aged for 50.000 cycles between 5-55°C using a thermal cycle device (SD Mechatronik, Germany), and the other half were kept in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Three-point bending test (n=10) was performed using a universal testing machine (AG-X 5kN, Shimadzu, Japan) according to ISO 6872:2015. Flexural strength (FS), elastic modulus (EM), resilience (R) values were calculated. Surface microhardness measurements (n=5) were completed (Microhardness Tester HMV-2, Shimadzu, Japan) by 5 repeats from each sample, and Vicker’s microhardness (VHN) values were calculated. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis, significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Tessera had the highest median values for FS (570 MPa), EM (66.2 GPa), and VHN (717.7) among the materials under consideration after 24 hours, while Cerasmart (FS:260; EM:12.8, and VHN:99.9) exhibited the lowest values, respectively. A significant difference was found between the materials for FS, EM, and VHN both after 24 hours and after thermal aging (p<0.001). Concurrently, there was a statistically significant decrease in FS values for all materials following thermal aging (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is crucial to take into account the mechanical properties, the distinctions between materials, and the potential modifications resulting from the aging process when selecting the most appropriate CAD/ CAM material for the treatment procedure.
Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to examine matrix glass matrix ceramics (Amber Mill, Hassbio, Korea; LiSi, GC, Japan; Celtro Duo, Dentsply Sirona, Germany; Tessera, Dentsly Sirona, Germany; IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar, Liechtenstein) and resin matrix (Cerasmart, GC, Japan; Grandio Blocs, VOCO, Germany) 7 different blocks to compare the flexural strength, elastic modulus, resilience, surface Vicker's microhardness values and evaluate of the differences after aging with 24 hours and 50.000 thermocycles. Materials and Methods: Bar-shape samples (1.2 x 4 x 14 mm) for the three-point bending test and rectangular (2 mm thickness) samples for the Vicker’s microhardness test, were prepared with a precision cutting device Isomet1000, Buehler, ABD) under water. Half of the samples were aged for 50.000 cycles between 5-55°C using a thermal cycle device (SD Mechatronik, Germany), and the other half were kept in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Three-point bending test (n=10) was performed using a universal testing machine (AG-X 5kN, Shimadzu, Japan) according to ISO 6872:2015. Flexural strength (FS), elastic modulus (EM), resilience (R) values were calculated. Surface microhardness measurements (n=5) were completed (Microhardness Tester HMV-2, Shimadzu, Japan) by 5 repeats from each sample, and Vicker’s microhardness (VHN) values were calculated. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis, significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Tessera had the highest median values for FS (570 MPa), EM (66.2 GPa), and VHN (717.7) among the materials under consideration after 24 hours, while Cerasmart (FS:260; EM:12.8, and VHN:99.9) exhibited the lowest values, respectively. A significant difference was found between the materials for FS, EM, and VHN both after 24 hours and after thermal aging (p<0.001). Concurrently, there was a statistically significant decrease in FS values for all materials following thermal aging (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is crucial to take into account the mechanical properties, the distinctions between materials, and the potential modifications resulting from the aging process when selecting the most appropriate CAD/ CAM material for the treatment procedure.