Publication: Ayasofya I. Mahmûd Kütüphanesi Çini Bezemeleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Abstract
Öyle bir ziynetli makām Görmemiştir hās u âmCümle duvarları kâşî Tuğra-yı şâhîde nizâm.“ (Dağlı,1948: 60; Ünsal 2011: 205)Bizans’ın en önemli dini merkezi olarak sayısız tarihî vak’aya şahitlik eden ve efsanelere konu olanAyasofya, şüphesiz fetihten sonra da büründüğü Türk ve Müslüman kimliğiyle haklı şöhretini devamettirerek günümüze kadar ulaşmıştır. Sultan I. Mahmud zamanında Ayasofya’ya eklenerek onun bir külliyeyedönüşmesine katkı sağlayan mimarî eserlerden biri de Ayasofya Kütüphanesi’dir. Yapıldığı dönemdeayrıcalıklı konumu ve güzelliğiyle hem devlet ricâli hem de halk arasında büyük yankı uyandıran AyasofyaKütüphanesi, mimarîsi, tezyinâtı ve vakfedilen kitapları bakımından ayrı ayrı önem arzetmektedir. 1739yılında Ayasofya’nın güney nefi üzerinde, iki payanda arasına konumlanan Ayasofya Kütüphanesi, OkumaOdası, Koridor ve Hazîne-i kütüb olmak üzere üç bölümden meydana gelir. Kütüphane’nin bir kısmı mabedebitişiktir, bir kısmı ise mabedin dışında kalır. Yıllar içerisinde pek çok restorasyon geçiren Kütüphane’ninson esaslı onarımı 2014 senesinde tamamlanmıştır. Günümüzde, sedir, halı ve kıymetli ahşap eşyalarla tefrişedilmiş olan Okuma Odası yarı duvarlarını bezeyen çini kitabeleri ve ulama çinileriyle ön plana çıkmaktadır.Okuma Odası’nı Hazine-i kütübe bağlayan koridorun duvarları baştan aşağı çinilerle kaplıdır. Farklıdönemlere ait çinilerle karışık bir şekilde dekore edilen duvarlarda kıymetli 16. yüzyıl İznik panoları ve çiniyazı şeridi dikkati çekmektedir. Yine de Kütüphane’nin en özenilmiş odası, kitabeleri, ahşap kitap dolabı vezamanında dolap ve nişler içerisinde kıymetli el yazması eserlerin bulunduğu Hazine-i kütüb’dür. Kubbeli vetonozlu yan yana iki kısımdan oluşan Kitap hazinesi, duvarlarını baştan aşağı bezeyen çinileri ileAyasofya’nın içinde bir mücevher kutusunu andırır. Bu makalede, kütüphanenin tüm bölümlerinde yer alançini bezemeler üzerinde durulacaktır. Fotoğraflar 2018 yılında kütüphaneye yaptığım ziyaretlerde tarafımdançekilmiştir. Kütüphane planı ise “İstanbul Restorasyon ve Konservasyon Merkez ve Bölge LaboratuarıMüdürlüğü, Ayasofya Müzesi I. Mahmud Kütüphanesi Çini Koruma Onarımı Projesi”nden temin edilmiştir.Plan üzerindeki mekan duvarlarının harf sistemine göre adlandırılması bu makalede de esas alınmıştır.Kütüphanenin çinileri, farklı devir ve üretim yerlerine ait olan kitâbeler, panolar, ulama çiniler, pencereköşelikleri, bordürler ile süpürgelik çinileri olarak tasnif edilerek değerlendirilmiştir.
“Neither the high society nor the commons have seen such a decorated post_x000D_ With all bezels, sealed to witness, on the walls.” (Dağlı,1948: 60; Ünsal 2011: 205)_x000D_ Hagia Sophia, the topic of legends, witnessing numerous historical events as the most important religious_x000D_ center in Byzantium, has undoubtfully survived in its rightful reputation with the Turkish and Muslim_x000D_ identity adorned after the conquest. During Sultan Mahmud I’s period, one of the architectural works added_x000D_ in Hagia Sophia to contribute to make it a complex is the Library of Hagia Sophia. The architecture,_x000D_ decoration and the donated books of the Hagia Sophia Library which has enthusiastically resonated both the_x000D_ state officials and the public due to its privileged status and beauty during the period it was built are_x000D_ individually important. The Library of Hagia Sophia, placed between two supports on the southern nave of_x000D_ Hagia Sophia in 1739, consists of three sections including the reading hall, the corridor, and the books_x000D_ treasury. The Library, which has undergone many reparations over the years, lastly received a major_x000D_ renovation in 2014. Today, the Reading Hall, decorated with lounges, carpets, and valuable woodcrafts,_x000D_ sticks out with its tile inscriptions, glamorizing the walls halfway, and additional tiles. The walls in the_x000D_ corridor connecting the Reading Hall to the Books Treasury is tiled top to bottom. On the walls decorated_x000D_ with mixed tiles of various periods, valuable 16th century Nicaean panels and the tiled epigraph line attract_x000D_ attention. Still, the most elaborate hall in the library is the Books Treasury, home to the wood bookcase and_x000D_ the valuable handwritten manuscripts on the alcoves in the walls. The Books Treasury, consisting of adjacent_x000D_ two sections with domes and vaults, resembles a jewelry box, with tiles decorating its walls top to bottom, in_x000D_ the Hagia Sophia. This article examines the tile decorations found in all sections of the library. The_x000D_ library floor plan used in this article was obtained from “The Project of Ceramics Conservation and_x000D_ Renovation in the Hagia Sophia Museum, Mahmud I Library, by the Istanbul Restoration and Conservation_x000D_ Directorate of Central and Area Laboratory”. The alphabetical nomenclature of the location walls on the_x000D_ floor plan is adopted in this study also. Library tiles include epigraphs, panels, connection tiles, windowsills,_x000D_ borders, and plinths of various periods and production centers.
“Neither the high society nor the commons have seen such a decorated post_x000D_ With all bezels, sealed to witness, on the walls.” (Dağlı,1948: 60; Ünsal 2011: 205)_x000D_ Hagia Sophia, the topic of legends, witnessing numerous historical events as the most important religious_x000D_ center in Byzantium, has undoubtfully survived in its rightful reputation with the Turkish and Muslim_x000D_ identity adorned after the conquest. During Sultan Mahmud I’s period, one of the architectural works added_x000D_ in Hagia Sophia to contribute to make it a complex is the Library of Hagia Sophia. The architecture,_x000D_ decoration and the donated books of the Hagia Sophia Library which has enthusiastically resonated both the_x000D_ state officials and the public due to its privileged status and beauty during the period it was built are_x000D_ individually important. The Library of Hagia Sophia, placed between two supports on the southern nave of_x000D_ Hagia Sophia in 1739, consists of three sections including the reading hall, the corridor, and the books_x000D_ treasury. The Library, which has undergone many reparations over the years, lastly received a major_x000D_ renovation in 2014. Today, the Reading Hall, decorated with lounges, carpets, and valuable woodcrafts,_x000D_ sticks out with its tile inscriptions, glamorizing the walls halfway, and additional tiles. The walls in the_x000D_ corridor connecting the Reading Hall to the Books Treasury is tiled top to bottom. On the walls decorated_x000D_ with mixed tiles of various periods, valuable 16th century Nicaean panels and the tiled epigraph line attract_x000D_ attention. Still, the most elaborate hall in the library is the Books Treasury, home to the wood bookcase and_x000D_ the valuable handwritten manuscripts on the alcoves in the walls. The Books Treasury, consisting of adjacent_x000D_ two sections with domes and vaults, resembles a jewelry box, with tiles decorating its walls top to bottom, in_x000D_ the Hagia Sophia. This article examines the tile decorations found in all sections of the library. The_x000D_ library floor plan used in this article was obtained from “The Project of Ceramics Conservation and_x000D_ Renovation in the Hagia Sophia Museum, Mahmud I Library, by the Istanbul Restoration and Conservation_x000D_ Directorate of Central and Area Laboratory”. The alphabetical nomenclature of the location walls on the_x000D_ floor plan is adopted in this study also. Library tiles include epigraphs, panels, connection tiles, windowsills,_x000D_ borders, and plinths of various periods and production centers.