Publication: Supporting the establishment of participation banking by public sector and a performance analysis of the results : the case of Türkiye
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Date
14.06.2023
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Bankacılık sisteminin temeli faiz üzerine kurulmuştur. Bu durum bazı kişilerin bankacılık uygulamalarına katılmasına engel olmaktadır. Özellikle İslam inancına göre faiz üzerinden kazanç sağlanması yasaktır. Bu noktada oluşan açığın kapatılması için arayışlara girilmiş ve faizsiz bankacılık adı altında İslami Bankalar kurulmuştur. İslami bankaların işleyiş şekline göre müşteriler kâr ve zarara ortak olmaktadır. Bu sayede İslami finans sistemi ile insanlar ellerinde tuttukları fonları piyasaya sürmektedir. Türkiye’de İslami finans ilk olarak özel finans kuruluşları adı altında faaliyete geçmiş sonrasında katılım bankaları olarak devam etmiştir. Bu araştırmada bankacılık sistemi bir bütün olarak ele alınmış, mevduat bankaları ve katılım bankalarının kavramsal çerçevesinin çizilmesinin ardından, bir yazın araştırması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca katılım bankalarının Türkiye’de ve dünyada tarihsel gelişim süreçleri incelenmiştir. Özellikle dünyadaki önemli İslami bankacılık uygulamaları ve ülkemiz özelinde katılım bankalarının seyri üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışma kamu katılım bankalarının sektöre etkilerini ve performanslarını temel aldığından, finans teorisinde ve spesifik olarak bankaların finansal analizinde yaygın olarak kullanılan CAMEL yöntemine dayalı performans analizleri yapılmıştır. Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren kamu ve özel katılım bankalarının sektör payı, şube ve personel verilerinin incelenmesinin ardından, sermaye yeterlilikleri, aktif kalitesi, yönetim kalitesi, karlılık oranları ve likidite oranları karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın kapsamında yer alan kamu ve özel katılım bankalarının 2017 ve 2022 dönemi verileri TKBB, BDDK ve araştırmaya dahil olan bankaların internet sitesinde yayınlanan yıllık finansal raporlarından derlenmiştir.Araştırmanın sonucunda, incelenen dönemde özel sermayeli ve kamu sermayeli katılım bankalarının performansları genel olarak pozitif bir eğilim sergilemiştir. Kamu katılım bankalarının sektöre dahil olmasının sektörün gelişimini hızlandırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Fakat likit aktifler gibi bazı alanlarda kamu katılım bankalarının performansları yetersiz görülmüştür. Bu durumun kamu tarafından desteklenerek kurulan katılım bankalarının yönetimindeki risk algısının özel bankalara kıyasla daha dar olmasından ileri geldiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bankacılık sektöründe kamu katılım bankaları faaliyete geç başlamış olsa da hızlı bir şekilde geliştiği söylenebilir. Ayrıca teknolojinin gelişmesi ve yeni ürünlerin ve hizmetlerin ürün yelpazesine eklenmesi ile sektörün işlevselliğinin artması söz konusudur.
The basis of the banking system is based on interest. This situation prevents some users from participating in banking applications. In particular, according to the Islamic belief, it is forbidden to earn on interest. Searches were made for the debts of the deficit created by this center and Islamic Banks were established under the name of interest-free banks. According to the way Islamic banks operate, the business is a partner in profit and loss. In this way, the Islamic financial system and the funds that people hold in their hands are released to the market. Islamic finance in Türkiye first started its activities under the name of private finance investment and continued as a result banks.This branch banking system was considered as a whole, and after the framework of the deposit banks and participation banks was drawn, a type examination was made. It also deals with the historical development processes of participation banks in Türkiye and in the world. Particularly important Islamic banking practices and the course of participation banks in terms of operation are emphasized. Since the study is based on the returns and performances of public contribution banks to the sector, performance analyzes based on the CAMEL method, which is widely used in finance philosophy and specifically in the financial analysis of banks, were made. After examining the sector share, branch and employee data of public and private participation banks operating in Türkiye, capital adequacy, asset quality, management quality, profitability ratios and liquidity ratios were analyzed in a measured manner. The 2017 and 2022 period data of the public and private participation banks within the scope of the research were compiled from the annual financial reports published on the TKBB, BDDK and the websites of the involved banks.As a result of the research, the performances of private and public capital participation banks in the examined period showed a positive expectation in general. It has been observed that public participation banks accelerate the processes of the incentive sector included in the sector. However, it has been determined that it lagged behind in terms of capital adequacy and liquidity. Although public participation banks have started to operate in the banking sector, they will be carried out quickly. With the entry of public participation banks into the banking sector, it produces an increase in its share in the sector. There are also words outside the overview regarding observed improvements and new releases and expansion into the range of products provided.
The basis of the banking system is based on interest. This situation prevents some users from participating in banking applications. In particular, according to the Islamic belief, it is forbidden to earn on interest. Searches were made for the debts of the deficit created by this center and Islamic Banks were established under the name of interest-free banks. According to the way Islamic banks operate, the business is a partner in profit and loss. In this way, the Islamic financial system and the funds that people hold in their hands are released to the market. Islamic finance in Türkiye first started its activities under the name of private finance investment and continued as a result banks.This branch banking system was considered as a whole, and after the framework of the deposit banks and participation banks was drawn, a type examination was made. It also deals with the historical development processes of participation banks in Türkiye and in the world. Particularly important Islamic banking practices and the course of participation banks in terms of operation are emphasized. Since the study is based on the returns and performances of public contribution banks to the sector, performance analyzes based on the CAMEL method, which is widely used in finance philosophy and specifically in the financial analysis of banks, were made. After examining the sector share, branch and employee data of public and private participation banks operating in Türkiye, capital adequacy, asset quality, management quality, profitability ratios and liquidity ratios were analyzed in a measured manner. The 2017 and 2022 period data of the public and private participation banks within the scope of the research were compiled from the annual financial reports published on the TKBB, BDDK and the websites of the involved banks.As a result of the research, the performances of private and public capital participation banks in the examined period showed a positive expectation in general. It has been observed that public participation banks accelerate the processes of the incentive sector included in the sector. However, it has been determined that it lagged behind in terms of capital adequacy and liquidity. Although public participation banks have started to operate in the banking sector, they will be carried out quickly. With the entry of public participation banks into the banking sector, it produces an increase in its share in the sector. There are also words outside the overview regarding observed improvements and new releases and expansion into the range of products provided.
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Keywords
Katılım bankaları, Kamu ve özel katılım bankaları, Performans analizi Participation banks, Public and private Participation banks, Performance analysis